Treatment of Type I Herpes virus with flurbiprofen

ABSTRACT

A process for treating Herpes Type I virus by the systemic administration or topical application of flurbiprofen (3-fluoro-4-phenylhydratropic acid) or a salt or ester thereof. Dosage forms are also disclosed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This invention is the new use for known compounds, flurbiprofen, 3-fluoro-4-phenylhydratropic acid, including the salts or esters thereof, have been found to be useful for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of Type I Herpes virus by the systemic administration or topical application of the compounds.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Flurbiprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) has been used in rheumatic and degeneragtive diseases of the joints and for reducing platelet adhesiveness.

The oral administration of ibuprofen to children with primary herpes simplex infection is disclosed by Te-wen Chang in Journal of Infection (1980) 2, pp. 374-376.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As used in the specification and claims "Herpes Type I virus" or "Type I Herpes virus" means Herpes Simplex virus Type I.

The active compounds of the present invention are flurbiprofen (3-fluoro-4-phenylhydratropic acid) including the alkyl esters of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive, including isomeric forms or the pharmacologically acceptable salts.

The esters can be the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, and octyl esters.

Pharmacologically acceptable salts can be, for example, the alkali metal, alkaline earth and ammonium salts.

The compositions of the present invention are preferably presented for systemic administration to humans and animals in unit dosage forms, such as tablets, capsules, pills, powders, granules, suppositories, sterile parenteral solutions or suspensions, sterile nonparenteral solutions or suspensions, and oral solutions or suspensions and the like, containing suitable quantities of an active ingredient. Topical application can be in the form of ointments, jellies, creams, lotions, sprays, douches, and the like.

For oral administration either solid or fluid unit dosage forms can be prepared.

Powders are prepared quite simply by comminuting the active ingredient to a suitably fine size and mixing with a similarly comminuted diluent. The diluent can be an edible carbohydrate material such as lactose or starch. Advantageously, a sweetening agent or sugar is present as well as a flavoring oil.

Capsules are produced by preparing a powder mixture as hereinafter described and filling into formed gelatin sheats. Advantageously, as an adjuvant to the filling operation, a lubricant such as talc, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate and the like is added to the powder mixture before the filling operation.

Soft gelatin capsules are prepared by machine encapsulation of a slurry of active ingredients with an acceptable vegetable oil, light liquid petrolatum or other inert oil or triglyceride.

Tablets are made by preparing a powder mixture, granulating or slugging, adding a lubricant and pressing into tablets. The powder mixture is prepared by mixing an active ingredient, suitably comminuted, with a diluent or base such as starch, lactose, kaolin, dicalcium phosphate and the like. The powder mixture can be granulated by wetting with a binder such as corn syrup, gelating solution, methylcellulose solution or acacia mucilage and forcing through a screen. As an alternative to granulating, the powder mixture can be slugged, i.e., run through the tablet machine and the resulting imperfectly formed tablets broken into pieces (slugs). The slugs can be lubricated to prevent sticking to the tablet-forming dies by means of the addition of stearic acid, a stearate salt, talc or mineral oil. The lubricated mixture is then compressed into tablets.

Advantageously, the tablet can be provided with a protective coating consisting of a sealing coat or enteric coat of shellac, a coating of sugar and methylcellulose and a polish coating of carnauba wax.

Fluid unit dosage forms for oral administration such as syrups, elixirs and suspensions can be prepared wherein each teaspoonful of composition contains a predetermined amount of active ingredient for administration. The water-soluble forms can be dissolved in an aqueous vehicle together with sugar, flavoring agents and preservatives to form a syrup. An elixir is prepared by using a hydroalcoholic vehicle with suitable sweeteners together with a flavoring agent. Suspensions can be prepared of the insoluble forms with a suitable vehicle with the aid of a suspending agent such as acacia, tragacanth, methylcellulose and the like.

For parenteral administration, fluid unit dosage forms are prepared utilizing an active ingredient and a sterile vehicle, water being preferred. The active ingredient, depending on the form and concentration used, can be either suspended or dissolved in the vehicle. In preparing solutions the water-soluble active ingredient can be dissolved in water for injection and filter sterilized before filling into a suitable vial or ampule and sealing. Advantageously, adjuvants such as a local anesthetic, preservative and buffering agents can be dissolved in the vehicle. Parenteral suspensions are prepared in substantially the same manner except that an active ingredient is suspended in the vehicle instead of being dissolved and sterilization cannot be accomplished by filtration. The active ingredient can be sterilized by exposure to ethylene oxide before suspending in the sterile vehicle. Advantageously, a surfactant or wetting agent is included in the composition to facilitate uniform distribution of the active ingredient.

In addition to oral and parenteral administration, the rectal and vaginal routes can be utilized. An active ingredient can be administered by means of a suppository. A vehicle which has a melting point at about body temperature or one that is readily soluble can be utilized. For example, cocoa butter and various polyethylene glycols (carbowaxes) can serve as the vehicle.

Topical ointments can be prepared by dispersing the active compounds in a suitable ointment based such as petrolatum, lanolin, polyethylene glycols, mixtures thereof, and the like. Advantageously, the compound is finely divided by means of a colloid mill utilizing light liquid petrolatum as a levigating agent prior to dispersing in the ointment base. Topical creams and lotions are prepared by dispersing the compound in the oil phase prior to the emulsification of the oil phase in water.

The term "unit dosage form" as used in the specification and claims refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human and animal subjects, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical diluent, carrier or vehicle. The specifications for the novel unit dosage forms of this invention are dictated by and are directly dependent on (a) the unique characteristics of the active material and the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved, and (b) the limitation inherent in the art of compounding such an active material for therapeutic use in humans, as disclosed in this specification, these being features of the present invention. Examples of suitable unit dosage forms in accord with this invention are tablets, capsules, troches, suppositories, powder packets, wafers, cachets teaspoonfuls, tablespoonfuls, dropperfuls, ampules, vials, segregated multiples of any of the foregoing, and other forms as herein described.

The systemic administration of flurbiprofen, its salts or esters, to humans provides a useful method of treating the lesions of Herpes Type I virus and a means for reducing recurrent attacks. Topical applications are useful as a prophylactic means.

Recurring attacks of the virus occur after healing of the lesion of the primary infection. The recurring attack does not occur as a result of reinfection but occurs spontaneously (without infectious contact) thought to be due to stress. The active compounds of the invention administered systemically reduce or prevent the recurrent attacks.

The dose of flurbiprofen, its salts or esters, for treating Herpes Type I virus is the same dose known for treating conditions for which it is previously known to be useful. In general, from about 0.25 mg to about 5.0 mg per kilogram body weight administered daily in single or divided dosage amount or an adult daily dose of up to 300 mg/day in divided dose. Topical applications are made in a concentration of from about 1 to about 20% w/w concentration of drug.

The following examples are illustrative of the present invention, but are not intended to be limiting.

EXAMPLE 1 Hard Gelatin Capsules

One thousand two-piece hard gelatin capsules for oral use, each capsule containing 50 mg of flurbiprofen are prepared from the following types and amounts of ingredients:

    ______________________________________                                         Flurbiprofen           50     gm                                               Lactose                100    gm                                               Corn starch            20     gm                                               Talc                   20     gm                                               Magnesium stearate     2      gm                                               ______________________________________                                    

The flurbiprofen (finely divided by means of an air micronizer) is added to the other finely powdered ingredients, mixed thoroughly and then encapsulated in the usual manner.

The foregoing capsules are useful for treating Herpes, Type I virus infection by the oral administration of one capsule four times a day.

Using the procedure above, capsules are similarly prepared containing flurbiprofen in 25, 75, and 100 mg amounts by substituting 25, 75, and 100 gm of flurbiprofen for the 50 gm used above.

EXAMPLE 2 Soft Gelatin Capsules

One-piece soft gelating capsules for oral use, each containing 25 mg of flurbiprofen (finely divided by means of an air micronizer) are prepared by first suspending the compound in 0.5 ml of corn oil to render the material capsulatable and then capsulating in the above manner.

The foregoing capsules are useful for treating Herpes Type I virus infection by the oral administration of two capsules four times a day.

EXAMPLE 3 Tablets

One thousand tablets, each containing 100 mg of flurbiprofen are prepared from the following types and amounts of ingredients:

    ______________________________________                                         Flurbiprofen micronized                                                                               100    gm                                               Lactose                75     gm                                               Corn starch            50     gm                                               Magnesium stearate     4      gm                                               Light liquid petrolatum                                                                               5      gm                                               ______________________________________                                    

The flurbiprofen (finely divided by means of an air micronizer) is added to the other ingredients and then thoroughly mixed and slugged. The slugs are broken down by forcing through a number sixteen screen. The resulting granules are then compressed into tablets, each tablet containing 100 mg of flurbiprofen.

The foregoing tablets are useful for treating Herpes Type I virus infection by the oral administration of one tablet three times a day.

Using the procedure above, tablets are similarly prepared containing flurbiprofen in 25 mg and 50 mg amounts by substituting 25 gm and 50 mg of flurbiprofen for the 100 gm used above.

EXAMPLE 4 Oral Suspension

One thousand ml of an aqueous suspension for oral use, containing in each teaspoonful (5 ml) dose, 100 mg of flurbiprofen, aluminum salt is prepared from the following types and amounts of ingredients:

    ______________________________________                                         Flurbiprofen, Aluminum Salt                                                                            20     gm                                              micronized                                                                     Citric acid             2      gm                                              Benzoic acid            1      gm                                              Sucrose                 700    gm                                              Tragacanth              5      gm                                              Lemon oil               2      gm                                              Deionized water, q.s.   1000   ml                                              ______________________________________                                    

The citric acid, benzoic acid, sucrose, tragacanth and lemon oil are dispersed in sufficient water to make 850 ml of suspension. The flurbiprofen aluminum salt (finely divided by means of an air micronizer) is stirred into the syrup until uniformly distributed. Sufficient water is added to make 1000 ml.

The composition so prepared is useful for treating Herpes Type I virus infection at a dose of one teaspoonful (5 ml) three times a day.

EXAMPLE 5

A sterile aqueous solution for parenteral (i.v.) injection, containing in one liter, 150 mg of flurbiprofen, sodium salt is prepared from the following types and amounts of ingredients:

    ______________________________________                                         Flurbiprofen sodium salt                                                                              150    mg                                               Water for injection, q.s.                                                                             1000   ml                                               ______________________________________                                    

To the sterile solution is added sterilized flurbiprofen, sodium salt and filled into sterile containers sealed.

The composition so prepared is useful for treating Herpes Type I virus infection at a dose of one liter every twelve hours.

EXAMPLE 6 Cream

One thousand gm of a topical cream are prepared from the following types and amounts of ingredients:

    ______________________________________                                         Flurbiprofen           50     gm                                               Glyceryl monostearate, 150    gm                                               self-emulsifying                                                               Spermaceti             100    gm                                               Propylene glycol       50     gm                                               Polysorbate 80         5      gm                                               Methylparaben          1      gm                                               Deionized water, q.s.  1000   gm                                               ______________________________________                                    

The glyceryl monostearate and spermaceti are melted together at a temperature of 70°-80° C. The methylparaben is dissolved in about 500 gm of water and the propylene glycol, polysorbate 80, and flurbiprofen is added in turn, maintaining a temperature of 75°-80° C. The methylparaben mixture is added slowly to the glyceryl monostearate and spermaceti melt, with constant stirring. The addition is continued for at least 30 minutes with continued stirring until the temperature has dropped to 40°-50° C. The pH of the final cream is adjusted to 3.5 by incorporation 2.5 gm of citric acid and 0.2 gm of dibasic sodium phosphate dissolved in about 50 gm of water. Finally, sufficient water is added to bring the final weight to 1000 gm and the preparation stirred to maintain homogeneity until cooled and congealed.

The foregoing composition is useful for the treatment of Herpes Type I virus by applying to the lesions. Prophylactic treatment can be obtained by application prior to exposure.

EXAMPLE 7

Following the precedure of the proceeding Examples 1 through 6, inclusive, compositions are similarly prepared substituting equimolar amounts of the ester, e.g., methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, octyl, or salt, e.g., sodium, potassium, ammonium, for the compound of the examples. 

I claim:
 1. A process for therapeutic treatment of Herpes Type I virus comprising the systemic or topical administration to a human or animal infected with Herpes Type I virus of an effective antiviral amount of 3-fluoro-4-phenylhydratropic acid or an alkyl ester of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, inclusive, including isomeric forms thereof, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.
 2. The process of claim 1 wherein the compound is 3-fluoro-4-phenylhydratropic acid. 